Thursday, March 29, 2012

Key component in mother's egg critical for survivial of newly formed embryo

Key component in mother's egg critical for survivial of newly formed embryo [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Mar-2012
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Contact: Sarah Chang (Dr.)
chang_kai_chen@a-star.edu.sg
65-682-66442
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore

Discovery led by A*STAR scientists paves the way for more research to explore the role that epigenetics might play in infertility

An international team led by scientists at A*STAR's Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) discovered that a protein, called TRIM28, normally present in the mother's egg, is essential right after fertilisation [1] , to preserve certain chemical modifications or 'epigenetic marks' on a specific set of genes. This newly published study paves the way for more research to explore the role that epigenetics might play in infertility.

Previous studies have shown that both nuclear reprogramming as well as 'imprinting' are vital for the survival and later development of the embryo. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the intricate interplay of these two processes during the early embryonic phase have not been clear, until now.

Nuclear Reprogramming

Immediately after fertilisation, the majority of the 'epigenetic marks' on the DNA from the sperm and egg cells are erased. The erasure process, termed nuclear reprogramming, allows the genes from the parents to be reset so that the early embryonic cells can develop into any cell types of the body.

Genomic Imprinting

On the other hand, certain 'epigenetic marks' on a particular set of genes, some from the mother and some from the father must be preserved. These genes are said to be "imprinted" by their parent of origin and preservation of these marks is critical for the survival of the newly formed embryo. Expression of these imprinted genes at the appropriate levels ensures proper development of the embryo. If the 'epigenetic marks' on the 'imprinted' genes are not protected, severe and multiple developmental defects occur in the embryo.

Using genetically identical mice from an inbred mouse strain , Drs. Davor Solter and Barbara Knowles, Senior Principal Investigators at IMB, observed that none of the embryos resulting from the fertilisation of eggs lacking TRIM28 survived. The embryos died at varying stages of development, and had very different developmental defects. Given that most genetic diseases attributed to the lack of a single gene have consistently similar defects in every affected individual, the highly varied abnormalities observed in the maternal TRIM28-deficient, yet genetically identical mice, were peculiar.

To further elucidate these findings and the role of TRIM28 during nuclear reprogramming, Dr. Daniel Messerschmidt, the first author of this paper, collaborated with Dr. Anne Ferguson-Smith, a visiting Professor at A*STAR's Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), from the University of Cambridge, UK. Together, they conducted a comprehensive study on the epigenetic state and the level of expression of a group of imprinted genes known to be important for development. Using highly sophisticated microarray analysis and advanced biochemical techniques, they found that not only is the presence of TRIM28 protein important during this critical period, but the timing and amount of TRIM28 made available to the newly formed embryo greatly impacts the expression of these imprinted genes at later developmental stages.

Genomic imprinting was first described by Dr. Davor Solter at the Wistar Insitute and by Dr. Azim Surani at Cambridge University three decades ago. Recently, Dr Solter suggested that the interplay between nuclear reprogramming and genetic imprints could be explained by a simple analogy from school where the teacher writes a long string of formulas on the black board. At the end of the class he marks stretches to be preserved for the next day's lecture (these are the imprinted marks) and asks the cleaning lady to erase the rest (she performs the reprogramming).

Dr Solter said, "For the longest time, we didn't know why some bits of the formulas escaped erasure. Through this study, the mystery is finally revealed! We now know TRIM28 instructs the 'cleaning lady' which part of the formulas she should preserve."

Dr. Azim Surani, who was not involved in this study, said "This elegant study on TRIM28 provides significant mechanistic insights on how maternal factors in eggs ensure faithful epigenetic inheritance that plays a critical role during development. These findings are relevant not only for the widely practised in vitro fertilisation of eggs for the treatment of human infertility, but also more generally for highlighting the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in development and disease."

Dr. Barbara Knowles, the senior author of this paper said, "Lack of TRIM28 in their eggs could explain why some women consistently suffer from multiple failed pregnancies where embryos die at different time points, manifesting multiple, different abnormalities."

Prof Birgitte Lane, Executive Director of IMB, said, "Understanding the role of differential epigenetic modifications is important for the study of human diseases and development. This study has unravelled a critical component essential for nuclear reprogramming. The mechanistic insights revealed have far-reaching clinical implications for treatment of diseases with patient-specific cell therapies. This finding demonstrates how discoveries of fundamental research can shed light on biological questions to open new avenues of formulating therapeutic strategies for the benefits of patients."

###

Footnote:

[1] Fertilisation in humans is the fusion of an egg with a sperm to produce an embryo, a new organism.

[2] Every mouse from an inbred strain is genetically identical (i.e. a twin) to every other mouse of the same strain.The inbred mouse strain used in this study originated from The Jackson Laboratory, where this study was initiated.

Notes for editor:

The research findings described in this news release can be found in the 23 Mar 2012 issue of Science under the title, "TRIM28 Is Required for Epigenetic Stability During Mouse Oocyte to Embryo Transition" by Daniel M. Messerschmidt1, Wilhelmine de Vries2, Mitsuteru Ito3, Davor Solter1,4, Anne Ferguson-Smith3,5*, Barbara B. Knowles1,6

1 Mammalian Development Group, Institute of Medical Biology, 138648 Singapore.

2 The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.

3 Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.

4 Duke-NUS, Graduate Medical School,169857 Singapore.

5 Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 117609 Singapore.

6 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore

* No longer at Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences

Abstract of the article can be accessed from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6075/1499.abstract

AGENCY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH (A*STAR)

For media queries and clarifications, please contact:

Sarah Chang (Dr.)
Corporate Communications
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Tel: 65-6826-6442
Email: chang_kai_chen@a-star.edu.sg

About the Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)

IMB is one of the Biomedical Sciences Institutes of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). It was formed in 2007, the 7th and youngest of the BMRC Research Institutes, with a mission to study mechanisms of human disease in order to discover new and effective therapeutic strategies for improved quality of life.

IMB hosts 20 research teams of international excellence in stem cells, genetic diseases, cancer and skin and epithelial biology, and works closely with clinical collaborators to target the challenging interface between basic science and clinical medicine. Its growing portfolio of strategic research topics is targeted at translational research on the mechanisms of human diseases, with a cell-to-tissue emphasis that can help identify new therapeutic strategies for disease amelioration, cure and eradication.

For more information about IMB, please visit http://www.imb.a-star.edu.sg.

About the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)

The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) is the lead agency for fostering world-class scientific research and talent for a vibrant knowledge-based and innovation-driven Singapore. A*STAR oversees 14 biomedical sciences and physical sciences and engineering research institutes, and six consortia & centres, located in Biopolis and Fusionopolis as well as their immediate vicinity.

A*STAR supports Singapore's key economic clusters by providing intellectual, human and industrial capital to its partners in industry. It also supports extramural research in the universities, and with other local and international partners.

For more information about A*STAR, please visit http://www.a-star.edu.sg.



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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Key component in mother's egg critical for survivial of newly formed embryo [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 29-Mar-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sarah Chang (Dr.)
chang_kai_chen@a-star.edu.sg
65-682-66442
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore

Discovery led by A*STAR scientists paves the way for more research to explore the role that epigenetics might play in infertility

An international team led by scientists at A*STAR's Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) discovered that a protein, called TRIM28, normally present in the mother's egg, is essential right after fertilisation [1] , to preserve certain chemical modifications or 'epigenetic marks' on a specific set of genes. This newly published study paves the way for more research to explore the role that epigenetics might play in infertility.

Previous studies have shown that both nuclear reprogramming as well as 'imprinting' are vital for the survival and later development of the embryo. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the intricate interplay of these two processes during the early embryonic phase have not been clear, until now.

Nuclear Reprogramming

Immediately after fertilisation, the majority of the 'epigenetic marks' on the DNA from the sperm and egg cells are erased. The erasure process, termed nuclear reprogramming, allows the genes from the parents to be reset so that the early embryonic cells can develop into any cell types of the body.

Genomic Imprinting

On the other hand, certain 'epigenetic marks' on a particular set of genes, some from the mother and some from the father must be preserved. These genes are said to be "imprinted" by their parent of origin and preservation of these marks is critical for the survival of the newly formed embryo. Expression of these imprinted genes at the appropriate levels ensures proper development of the embryo. If the 'epigenetic marks' on the 'imprinted' genes are not protected, severe and multiple developmental defects occur in the embryo.

Using genetically identical mice from an inbred mouse strain , Drs. Davor Solter and Barbara Knowles, Senior Principal Investigators at IMB, observed that none of the embryos resulting from the fertilisation of eggs lacking TRIM28 survived. The embryos died at varying stages of development, and had very different developmental defects. Given that most genetic diseases attributed to the lack of a single gene have consistently similar defects in every affected individual, the highly varied abnormalities observed in the maternal TRIM28-deficient, yet genetically identical mice, were peculiar.

To further elucidate these findings and the role of TRIM28 during nuclear reprogramming, Dr. Daniel Messerschmidt, the first author of this paper, collaborated with Dr. Anne Ferguson-Smith, a visiting Professor at A*STAR's Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), from the University of Cambridge, UK. Together, they conducted a comprehensive study on the epigenetic state and the level of expression of a group of imprinted genes known to be important for development. Using highly sophisticated microarray analysis and advanced biochemical techniques, they found that not only is the presence of TRIM28 protein important during this critical period, but the timing and amount of TRIM28 made available to the newly formed embryo greatly impacts the expression of these imprinted genes at later developmental stages.

Genomic imprinting was first described by Dr. Davor Solter at the Wistar Insitute and by Dr. Azim Surani at Cambridge University three decades ago. Recently, Dr Solter suggested that the interplay between nuclear reprogramming and genetic imprints could be explained by a simple analogy from school where the teacher writes a long string of formulas on the black board. At the end of the class he marks stretches to be preserved for the next day's lecture (these are the imprinted marks) and asks the cleaning lady to erase the rest (she performs the reprogramming).

Dr Solter said, "For the longest time, we didn't know why some bits of the formulas escaped erasure. Through this study, the mystery is finally revealed! We now know TRIM28 instructs the 'cleaning lady' which part of the formulas she should preserve."

Dr. Azim Surani, who was not involved in this study, said "This elegant study on TRIM28 provides significant mechanistic insights on how maternal factors in eggs ensure faithful epigenetic inheritance that plays a critical role during development. These findings are relevant not only for the widely practised in vitro fertilisation of eggs for the treatment of human infertility, but also more generally for highlighting the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in development and disease."

Dr. Barbara Knowles, the senior author of this paper said, "Lack of TRIM28 in their eggs could explain why some women consistently suffer from multiple failed pregnancies where embryos die at different time points, manifesting multiple, different abnormalities."

Prof Birgitte Lane, Executive Director of IMB, said, "Understanding the role of differential epigenetic modifications is important for the study of human diseases and development. This study has unravelled a critical component essential for nuclear reprogramming. The mechanistic insights revealed have far-reaching clinical implications for treatment of diseases with patient-specific cell therapies. This finding demonstrates how discoveries of fundamental research can shed light on biological questions to open new avenues of formulating therapeutic strategies for the benefits of patients."

###

Footnote:

[1] Fertilisation in humans is the fusion of an egg with a sperm to produce an embryo, a new organism.

[2] Every mouse from an inbred strain is genetically identical (i.e. a twin) to every other mouse of the same strain.The inbred mouse strain used in this study originated from The Jackson Laboratory, where this study was initiated.

Notes for editor:

The research findings described in this news release can be found in the 23 Mar 2012 issue of Science under the title, "TRIM28 Is Required for Epigenetic Stability During Mouse Oocyte to Embryo Transition" by Daniel M. Messerschmidt1, Wilhelmine de Vries2, Mitsuteru Ito3, Davor Solter1,4, Anne Ferguson-Smith3,5*, Barbara B. Knowles1,6

1 Mammalian Development Group, Institute of Medical Biology, 138648 Singapore.

2 The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.

3 Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.

4 Duke-NUS, Graduate Medical School,169857 Singapore.

5 Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 117609 Singapore.

6 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore

* No longer at Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences

Abstract of the article can be accessed from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6075/1499.abstract

AGENCY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH (A*STAR)

For media queries and clarifications, please contact:

Sarah Chang (Dr.)
Corporate Communications
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Tel: 65-6826-6442
Email: chang_kai_chen@a-star.edu.sg

About the Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)

IMB is one of the Biomedical Sciences Institutes of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). It was formed in 2007, the 7th and youngest of the BMRC Research Institutes, with a mission to study mechanisms of human disease in order to discover new and effective therapeutic strategies for improved quality of life.

IMB hosts 20 research teams of international excellence in stem cells, genetic diseases, cancer and skin and epithelial biology, and works closely with clinical collaborators to target the challenging interface between basic science and clinical medicine. Its growing portfolio of strategic research topics is targeted at translational research on the mechanisms of human diseases, with a cell-to-tissue emphasis that can help identify new therapeutic strategies for disease amelioration, cure and eradication.

For more information about IMB, please visit http://www.imb.a-star.edu.sg.

About the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)

The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) is the lead agency for fostering world-class scientific research and talent for a vibrant knowledge-based and innovation-driven Singapore. A*STAR oversees 14 biomedical sciences and physical sciences and engineering research institutes, and six consortia & centres, located in Biopolis and Fusionopolis as well as their immediate vicinity.

A*STAR supports Singapore's key economic clusters by providing intellectual, human and industrial capital to its partners in industry. It also supports extramural research in the universities, and with other local and international partners.

For more information about A*STAR, please visit http://www.a-star.edu.sg.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-03/afst-kci032912.php

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Romney makes effort to show more personal side

In this photo provided by NBC, Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney talks with Jay Leno during his appearance on The Tonight Show in Burbank, Calif., Tuesday, March 27, 2012. Romney cracked Tuesday night that he'd pick Leno rival David Letterman as his vice president, talked at length about health policy and said he'd be happy to have a rival of his own, Rick Santorum, serve in a Romney administration. (AP Photo/NBC, Paul Drinkwater)

In this photo provided by NBC, Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney talks with Jay Leno during his appearance on The Tonight Show in Burbank, Calif., Tuesday, March 27, 2012. Romney cracked Tuesday night that he'd pick Leno rival David Letterman as his vice president, talked at length about health policy and said he'd be happy to have a rival of his own, Rick Santorum, serve in a Romney administration. (AP Photo/NBC, Paul Drinkwater)

(AP) ? Mitt Romney doesn't always wear suits these days, and his hair isn't always so perfectly coiffed. He shows up at NASCAR events and tweets pictures of himself eating Subway sandwiches. His wife, Ann, gushes in a new online video about the start of their four-decade old "love story."

The Republican presidential front-runner's latest efforts to show his more personal ? critics would say more human ? side were on display Tuesday as he sat down with a late-night talk show host for the first time since 2010.

"I can do you a favor with this," Romney said on "The Tonight Show With Jay Leno," as the host pressed him about his list of potential running mates. "I'll choose David Letterman."

Expect more attempts at levity in the coming weeks as the likely GOP nominee shifts toward the general election and starts to introduce himself in earnest to voters who don't know him nearly as well as the Republican primary electorate does.

Aides and allies long have insisted that there's a likable, personable, even fun Romney underneath the persistent image of a buttoned-down, multi-millionaire businessman that Republican voters got to know during his failed bid for the nomination in 2008. This time, the former Massachusetts governor has sought to shake the rap, even among some supporters, that he's awkward, boring and overly scripted.

Romney's advisers downplay any notion of a makeover or a major shift in the campaign. And they publicly insist they are still focused on the primary race even though their boss is all but certain to clinch the nomination.

But aides also are mindful that when he does get the 1,144 convention delegates needed to secure the party nod, the general electorate will start to pay closer attention and some voters will take their first serious look at Romney. The campaign is looking for ways to attract independent voters who will be critical in the campaign against President Barack Obama.

Just 38 percent of independents said they had considerable interest in the primary fight, according to a February AP-GfK poll. The rest had only a passing interest or no interest at all. That's far lower than partisans - 73 percent of Republicans said they had a great deal or quite a bit of interest in the election.

So, the campaign is discussing possible ways to show Americans a more complete picture of Romney, from giving longer TV interviews with his five sons and 16 grandkids by his side, to having his wife appear on daytime talk or cooking shows.

Ann Romney, whom the candidate introduces as "my sweetheart" at nearly every campaign stop, is likely to play a big role in introducing Romney to a wider audience; aides say her mere presence softens his sometimes rough edges. That's why she's been a near constant presence on the campaign trail, taking the microphone to tell the story of how they fell in love and how he'd call while away on business trips to tell her that raising their children was more important than his job.

She defends him, too. Asked Wednesday to name the most common mischaracterization of her husband, she said: "That he's actually stiff."

"That's the funny thing. He is, when the TV cameras go off and he gets in the car, he is funny. He jokes all the time," she told a Wisconsin radio station. "He plays practical jokes. He is the furthest thing from that. That is a complete misrepresentation of him. Over time maybe people will be able to see him in a different."

To be sure, Romney's attempts over the past year to show his regular-guy side ? that he's more than just a wealthy Northeastern businessman who governed a liberal state as a moderate ? sometimes fall flat.

When he showed up at the Daytona 500 earlier this month, he said he didn't know much about car racing but knew a few of the team owners. His sense of humor is sometimes goofily awkward, like when he pretended a waitress at a New Hampshire diner had pinched his behind when she hadn't. And he once referred to Ann as a "heavyweight" champion ? a remark she gracefully brushed away when she took the microphone back.

"If this goes on much longer, I will be the heavyweight champion," she said. "Things are getting a little tight. This is what happens if you're on the campaign trail."

Romney himself has acknowledged making such missteps and he has vowed to improve.

Lately, he's started venturing to the back of his campaign plane to chat with reporters about the more mundane parts of life, like a dinner he planned to have with one of his five sons, whether he gets nervous on election days and whether he has a lucky tie.

Such exchanges project a relaxed, confident person - an image his campaign hopes will come through more in a general election than it has in the primary.

Still, it's clear his Boston campaign advisers don't want to push him too far. Romney took a call from them as his SUV navigated the L.A. freeways on his way to tape Leno's show.

"They said, 'Don't try and be funny, just answer the questions straight,'" Romney said in a video one of his aides posted on Twitter. "I'm rarely funny on purpose, so we'll see what happens tonight."

___

Associated Press writer Brian Bakst contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-03-28-Romney-Personal%20Side/id-b91b8613c22746e6812f233c81d4543d

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Wednesday, March 28, 2012

Completely New Kitchen Cabinets Are A Good Way To Improve the ...

Do not feel like you are the only one who has a tough time locating solid information about penny stocks. There are few things more infuriating than needing direction and not figuring out where to find it. The funny part, perhaps, is there is enough content on the net, but you are still not sure if the sources are trustworthy. That is something every person who has looked for information has encountered. What we will do for you is speak about some solid details regarding this topic, and you will have the ability to have a firm understanding of what to do next.

Redesigning your cabinets is probably the simplest and best way to change how your kitchen looks. Any time you enter the kitchen and see your old cabinets, it might make you feel down. This is especially the case if the cabinets were there when the house was built and it?s no longer in style. In the event you visit someone?s new house and see how modern their kitchen looks, you might hoping that it your kitchen can look like that as well.

Introducing the perfect cabinets for your kitchen is going to liven up your whole home. If you can afford to redo your whole kitchen, you might want to do that, but if not just the cabinets will give you a new look, and not take nearly as long. Most likely the toughest thing to do is locating the cabinets to match your kitchen and home. It will have a great impact if you are able to find cabinets with the perfect color and style. You can get started with your search by either going online or checking out your local home improvement center. The most convenient alternative is to go online since you can look at many places at once without leaving your chair.

Once you begin locating styles that look good to you, you might want to consider some things. You will certainly be able to find plenty of ready to go designs, where all you will have to do is choose the style and color you want. With this approach, you can find cabinets at reduced prices. Should you be on a tight budget, you may wind up saving quite a bit of money. While custom built cabinets are going to cost more, you may be able to find companies that will make them at affordable prices. It really is wonderful to get exactly what you want, custom built for the space you have.

Software programs that can develop your virtual kitchen can help you come up with a design that will look good in your actual kitchen. Aided by the software, you can test various designs to see and compare how they look. It doesn?t take much effort to swap out the design and styles to see what looks good. This is a great way to take out the options you don?t want. The effects of stocks to buy, not only on you but a lot of others, is a fact that has to be recognized. No one really can adequately address all the different circumstances that could arise with this particular topic. That is really a lot when you think about it, so just the briefest moment to mention something. After all we have read, this is appropriate and powerful information that should be considered. The last outstanding areas for discussion may be even more important. Using the strategy of elimination you will be able to find the right cabinets for your kitchen.

You don?t have to worry about whether you should get ready made cabinets or custom made cabinets since they are both good investments. Putting in new kitchen cabinets to improve the look of your home is sure to improve the value as well.

Unfortunately, space did not permit a full treatment of this important topic. The thing about it is that the average person is way too consumed and lacks time to know all there is about good stocks to invest in. This is just like a lot of other areas in which you can have a real edge when you have the right kind of information. Many people see the mountains of info online and they get intimidated very quickly.

Source: http://epicprom.com/completely-new-kitchen-cabinets-are-a-good-way-to-improve-the-value-of-your-home/

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Britain's Association of Teachers rags on video games, gamers and ...

"It's about reminding parents and carers that they have a very real responsibility for their children and that schools can't do it alone. It takes the very serious and labour-intensive business of proper care and attention of young children before they go to school and while at school to allow them to learn most effectively.

If they're up to 12 or one o'clock playing computer games, and coming to school exhausted, not interacting with other children, that's not good preparation for school, and not good preparation for life. The fact that children spend hours locked in their rooms playing computer games, which means they're not interacting, they're not playing and not taking exercise." - ATL head Dr. Mary Bousted

Do parents need to get a better understanding of game ratings? Do parents need to keep closer watch on what their kids are doing? I would say yes in both cases. Blaming games specifically doesn't seem fair though. If a kid is up until midnight every school night, they are going to be tired the next day. It doesn't matter what they were doing!

Link

Source: http://www.gonintendo.com/?mode=viewstory&id=174389

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Tuesday, March 27, 2012

Conservative justices question insurance mandate

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/conservative-justices-insurance-mandate-152049742.html

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Sunday, March 25, 2012

Number of illegal immigrants in U.S. is stable: DHS

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/number-illegal-immigrants-u-stable-dhs-161301873.html

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Saturday, March 24, 2012

Swarming and transporting

ScienceDaily (Mar. 23, 2012) ? On its own, an ant is not particularly clever. But in a community, the insects can solve complicated tasks. Researchers intend to put this "swarm intelligence" to use in the logistics field. Lots of autonomous transport shuttles would provide an alternative to traditional materials-handling technology.

The orange-colored vehicle begins moving with a quiet whirr. Soon afterwards the next shuttles begin to move, and before long there are dozens of mini-transporters rolling around in the hall. As if by magic, they head for the high-rack storage shelves or spin around their own axis. But the Multishuttle Moves? -- is the name given to these driverless transport vehicles -- are not performing some robots' ballet. They are moving around in the service of science. At the Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics IML in Dortmund, Germany, researchers are working to harness swarm intelligence as a means of improving the flow of materials and goods in the warehouse environment. In a research hall 1000 square meters in size, the scientists have replicated a small-scale distribution warehouse with storage shelves for 600 small-part carriers and eight picking stations. The heart of the testing facility is a swarm of 50 autonomous vehicles. "In the future, transport systems should be able to perform all of these tasks autonomously, from removal from storage at the shelf to delivery to a picking station. This will provide an alternative to conventional materials-handling solutions," explains Prof. Dr. Michael ten Hompel, executive director at IML.

But how do the vehicles know what they should transport, and where, and which of the 50 shuttles will take on any particular order? "The driverless transport vehicles are locally controlled. The ?intelligence? is in the transporters themselves," Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Albrecht, head of the Autonomous Transport Systems department explains the researchers' solution approach. "We rely on agent-based software and use ant algorithms based on the work of Marco Dorigo. These are methods of combinational optimization based on the model behavior of real ants in their search for food." When an order is received, the shuttles are informed of this through a software agent. They then coordinate with one another via WLAN to determine which shuttle can take over the load. The job goes to whichever free transport system is closest.

The shuttles are completely unimpeded as they navigate throughout the space -- with no guidelines. Their integrated localization and navigation technology make this possible. The vehicles have a newly developed, hybrid sensor concept with signal-based location capability, distance and acceleration sensors and laser scanners. This way, the vehicles can compute the shortest route to any destination. The sensors also help prevent collisions.

The vehicles are based on the components of the shelf-bound Multishuttle already successfully in use for several years. The researchers at IML have worked with colleagues at Dematic to develop the system further. The special feature about the Multishuttle Move?: the transporters can navigate in the storage area and in the hall. To accomplish this, the shuttles are fitted with an additional floor running gear. But what benefits do these autonomous transporters offer compared with conventional steady materials-handling technology with roller tracks? "The system is considerably more flexible and scalable," Albrecht points out. It can grow or contract depending on the needs at hand. This is how system performance can be adapted to seasonal and daily fluctuation. Another benefit: It considerably shortens transportation paths. In conventional storage facilities, materials-handling equipment obstructs the area between high-rack storage and picking stations. Packages must travel two to three times farther than the direct route. "It also makes shelf-control units and steady materials-handling technology," Albrecht adds. Researchers are now trying to determine how these autonomous transporters can improve intralogistics. "We want to demonstrate that cellular materials-handling technology makes sense not only technically but also economically as an alternative to classic materials-handling technology and shelf-control units," institute executive director ten Hompel observes. If this succeeds, the autonomous vehicles could soon be going into service in warehouses.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/XvAbrzwxipQ/120323093902.htm

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Friday, March 23, 2012

Researchers May Have Discovered How Memories Are Encoded In the Brain

"Now, a team of scientists believe that they may have figured out what's going on. Their findings could have huge implications for the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's."

This statement is utterly absurd, but the authors of the PLoS article appear to have done some important work here. I'm not a physicist and can't evaluate the quality of the modeling and measurement, but assuming that is all legitimate (and I have no reason to doubt it), then their findings could prove useful to furthering theories on memory formation and stability. Basically they found a series of potential mechanisms by which activated CAMKII (via synaptic activity) can interface with microtubules to update their phosphorylation states. In what I would consider heavy speculation, they suggest that these phosphorylation states, along with the structural and electrostatic properties of microtubules, can produce and modulate information processing along/within the microtubules.

Keeping Occam's Razor in mind, to me it would be simpler if these interactions simply increase or decrease microtubule stability, and possibly affect shape to promote dendritic bifurcation versus elongation or retraction. Not to say some kind of information processing can't be happening in the microtubules, but we already have some pretty good theories regarding information processing in dendrites based on membrane voltage propagation. With changes in microtubule phosphorylation state there is also the possibility of making cross-linking tighter or looser, making it possible to fit in more or fewer microtubules and change a dendrite's diameter. All of these changes are important for signal processing, but by impacting the propagation properties of the membrane rather than through the microtubules directly. I base these comments on other research that have found changes in dendrite morphology and physiology concurrent with synaptic plasticity. One must always keep in mind though that anything as complex as memory is going to rely on multiple mechanisms. Any claim that "the mechanism for X" has been found is always hyperbole.

I would say that some of that speculation, as well as the fact that this is all highly theoretical (no experimental work) are the major reasons this wasn't published in a journal like Nature or Science. Still PLoS Computational Biology often has some very good and important articles.

Source: http://rss.slashdot.org/~r/Slashdot/slashdotScience/~3/00voIoIKDDQ/researchers-may-have-discovered-how-memories-are-encoded-in-the-brain

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Thursday, March 22, 2012

Ravi on his guilty verdict: I felt 'energized'

Mark Dye / Reuters

Dharun Ravi, a Rutgers University student charged with bias intimidation, stands up after the jury leaves to begin deliberations in the Superior Court of New Jersey in Middlesex County, New Brunswick, NJ. March 14.

By msnbc.com staff

Dharun Ravi, the former Rutgers student convicted of a hate crime for?using a webcam to spy on his gay roommate, says he doesn't regret?refusing a plea deal.

Ravi spoke to?the New Jersey Star-Ledger?on Wednesday after?being convicted?last Friday?of all 15 counts of privacy invasion, investigation tampering, and bias intimidation in a case that exploded when his former roommate, Tyler Clementi, 18, jumped off the George Washington Bridge on Sept. 22, 2010, after finding out that Ravi saw him kissing another man and appeared to encourage others to watch through a camera on?his computer.


Indian-born Ravi, 20, could face 10 years in prison when he's sentenced on May 21 and be deported after he's finished serving his time. In his two-hour exclusive interview with the Star-Ledger, he told the newspaper,?"The verdict actually made me feel energized. We (his family, friends and attorneys)?will keep going."

"I?m never going to regret not taking the plea," Ravi told the Star-Ledger, published on NJ.com on Thursday. "If I took the plea, I would have had to testify that I did what I did to intimidate Tyler and that would be a lie. I won?t ever get up there and tell the world I hated Tyler because he was gay, or tell the world I was trying to hurt or intimidate him because it?s not true."

'I'm very sorry about Tyler': Read full story on NJ.com

Ravi did not testify in his own defense in the month-long trial, in which jurors were urged in summations by defense lawyer Steven Altman to dismiss Ravi's actions as those of a foolish child trying to impress others rather than a bully who harbored a prejudice against gays.

Clementi checked Ravi's Twitter account 38 times in the two days before he killed himself, the prosecution told the jury.

Ravi admitted in his interview with the newspaper that he was immature as a college freshman

"But I wasn?t biased," Ravi said. "I didn?t act out of hate and I wasn?t uncomfortable with Tyler being gay."

'It's hard to form hate'
Ravi said he feels as though he's been portrayed unfairly. From his family home in Plainsboro, N.J., Ravi told the newspaper, "My high school has all kinds of kids. There were a lot of Indians, Chinese, Korean kids, some Hispanic, white kids. It?s hard to form hate when you grow up around so many different kinds of kids."

He said there were few openly gay kids in his town, but he met some at college.

"One of my friends had a gay roommate and I met a gay kid I liked a lot at orientation. They were cool. It was no big deal. Now there?s a verdict out there that says I hate gays. The jury has decided they know what is going on in my mind; they can tell you what you think."

Ravi's friends knew him as a computer whiz, and he admitted he was showing off, he told the paper.

"I never really thought about what it would mean to Tyler," he said. "I know that?s wrong, but that?s the truth."

He said he was frustrated that Tyler couldn't hear how sorry he is.

?Former?Rutgers student convicted in webcam case?

"I texted an apology and when he didn?t answer, I e-mailed him. I told him I didn?t want him to feel pressure to have to move and that we could work things out," he said.

The text he was referring to - sent after Tyler was headed to his suicide jump - was shown in court.

"I'm very sorry about Tyler," he said. "I have parents and a little brother, and I can only try to imagine how they feel. But I want the Clementis to know I had no problem with their son. I didn?t hate Tyler and I knew he was okay with me. I wanted to talk to his parents, but I was afraid. I didn?t know what to say.

"At first, I actually thought I could be helpful because as far as I knew, I was the last one to see him alive."

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Source: http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/03/22/10810822-ravi-on-his-guilty-verdict-i-felt-energized

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Foreseeing Trouble: Before heading to the auto repair shop ...

Foreseeing Trouble: Before heading to the auto repair shop

Article by Morrison?s Discount Auto Repair

Some of the most common auto repair services asked for have to do with the vehicle?s AC, the brakes, and the transmission. Auto AC repair is essential for passenger comfort, while brake repair and transmission repair are for safety and functionality. But how will you know which part of the AC, brake, or transmission to fix?

There are simple troubleshooting methods you can do to check which part of your vehicle is not working as it should. After all, auto repair is an expensive service so you have to know exactly what you?re spending on when the time comes.

Your vehicle?s transmission plays an essential role in making a car move. Somehow it can shift your car from gear to gear, knowing how fast you need to go and how quickly you need to get there. Knowing the basics of transmission repair will enable you to have a sensible conversation with your mechanic, instead of a scenario where you just nod you head at the stuff he?s telling you. In order avoid being talked into having something fixed that really doesn?t need any fixing, you first need to know the key parts of a transmission: bell housing, gears, fluid, and filters. A breakdown on neither one of these parts will result to a visit in the auto repair shop.

Transmission repairs generally aim to fix two very common problems. First is that the vehicle won?t move, and the second is that the vehicle does not move smoothly. Mechanics of auto repair shops would look at three things first before trying out more complicated troubleshooting methods. Fluid levels checked initially. It?s important to check your transmission fluid at least twice a year. Not only can a low fluid level cause your car to shift poorly, it can eventually lead to damage, and a costly transmission repair.

If fluid levels continue to deplete even after just a few hours of filling it, then you?re problems could be a leak. Since the transmission is a closed system, it is then really necessary that you take your car to the auto repair shop. Fortunately, there?s only so much transmission parts in which a leak could be found. This makes leak-location processes a bit less stressful.

The last place the auto repair shop usually checks in your transmission are the filters. Your transmission?s filter is vital to its performance. If you haven?t replaced your filter in a while (or ever for a lot of us), be sure to do this before you start talking about rebuilds or replacements of your transmission box.

Auto AC repair is an immediate need when the unit breaks down, especially in Tampa. Auto AC was adapted from the early use and application of refrigeration systems. Most vehicles today use a refrigerant called R-134a, the less harmful version of its earlier counterpart, R-12. Auto AC repairs are usually called for in the occurrence of leaks which results to an inability to produce cool air. The compressor is the boss of the entire operation. It takes the refrigerant (the gas) and pressurizes it so it will cool the air. It?s run by an engine belt. The compressor also has an electrically operated clutch that turns the compressor on and off as the demand more cool air increases. Having your compressor replaced will cost you a lot and might require you to leave your car overnight at the auto repair shop.

Common problems that generally needs brake repair are wears, warped rotors, and fluid leaks. The braking system does a lot of work and the brake pads take the brunt of the punishment. Replace brake pads at least every six months. Regular checks on your brakes can save you a lot of money from more complicated brake repairs.

Try Morrison?s Discount Auto Repair for abovementioned services. They also provide custom exhaust installations.

Morrison?s Discount Auto Repair12214 US Hwy 19 NHudson, FL 34667Phone: (727) 861-5477Fax: (727) 869-7200Email: MDARHud@yahoo.com

Source: http://njparkinginst.info/foreseeing-trouble-before-heading-to-the-auto-repair-shop/

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Wednesday, March 21, 2012

Texas Rare Earth Resources Corp. Selects the Strategic ...

TexasRareEarth-BadgeMarch 21, 2012 (Source: Businesswire) --?Texas Rare Earth Resources Corp.?(the ?Company?) (OTCQX: TRER), a mineral exploration and development company, today announced the Strategic Communications practice of?FTI Consulting?(NYSE: FCN) as its new communications firm of record.

?Selecting FTI Consulting is a natural next step in our company?s evolution. Our shared commitment to strategic communications, particularly at this critical time where we are completing the Preliminary Economic Assessment on our Round Top Project, will serve our business and various stakeholders well,? said Marc LeVier, chief executive officer of Texas Rare Earth Resources. ?FTI Consulting has extensive experience within the mining industry and its professionals are already applying their communications expertise to help us effectively articulate our long-term value proposition."

The Strategic Communications practice of FTI Consulting, formerly known as FD, is one of the world?s most highly regarded communications consultancies. With more than 20 years of experience advising management teams in critical situations, the Strategic Communications practice supports clients in protecting and enhancing their reputation in the capital markets, society and the political environment. FTI?s Strategic Communications practice provides financial communications, corporate communications and public affairs services, with specialty offerings that include strategy consulting, research, creative engagement, crisis and issues management, and change communications.

About Texas Rare Earth Resources

Texas Rare Earth Resources Corp.'s primary focus is exploring and developing its Round Top heavy rare earth minerals project. The Round Top project is located in Hudspeth County, Texas, 85 miles east of El Paso, Texas. The Company?s common stock trades on the OTCQX U.S. Premier tier under the symbol ?TRER.?

For more information on Texas Rare Earth Resources Corp., visit our website at?trer.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this press release that address activities, events or developments that Texas Rare Earth Resources expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future, including such things as the potential development of the Round Top rare earth project, estimates of mineralized material, the potential ratio of heavy to total rare earth minerals present at the Round Top project, the number of metric tons of rhyolite contained at the Round Top project, possible low costs of production, advancement of exploration and resource definition, future mineralogical and metallurgical analysis, future baseline environmental studies, future geological modeling and test table construction, timing for completion of the pre-feasibility study, the preliminary economic assessment, the feasibility study, potential land and permitting efforts, timing for core hole drilling, expected results of future metallurgical testing, the Company?s focus on Dysprosium, Neodymium, Terbium, and Yttrium, future production decisions and timing for anticipated production and other such similar matters are forward-looking statements. When used in this press release, the words ?potential?, ?indicate?, ?expect?, ?intend?, ?hopes,? ?believe,? ?may,? ?will,? ?if, ?anticipate? and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Texas Rare Earth Resources to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such statements. Such factors include, among others, uncertainty of mineralized material estimates, risks relating to completing drilling and metallurgical testing at the Round Top project, risks related to project development determinations, risks related to fluctuations in the price of rare earth minerals, the inherently hazardous nature of mining-related activities, potential effects on Texas Rare Earth Resource?s operations of environmental regulations, risks due to legal proceedings, risks related to uncertainty of being able to raise capital on favorable terms or at all, as well as those factors discussed under the heading ?Risk Factors? in Texas Rare Earth Resource?s latest annual report on Form 10-K as filed on November 22, 2011 and other documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Although Texas Rare Earth Resources has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Except as required by law, Texas Rare Earth Resources assumes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Source: http://www.raremetalblog.com/2012/03/texas-rare-earth-resources-corp-selects-the-strategic-communications-practice-of-fti-consulting-as-n.html

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Even though Down Syndrome (DS) remains an incurable condition, experts believe that acceptance by the family and early intervention go a long way in ensuring that a person with DS is able to live a normal life and be socially independent.

Worldwide, March 21 is celebrated as the World Down Syndrome Day. DS is a genetic condition that affects 1 out of 800 people and is universally present across racial, gender or socio-economic lines, according to Down Syndrome International, a UK-based organisation for creating awareness about DS.

The people having DS often suffer from mental retardation, have a flat face, long or protruding tongue and slanted eyes.

"Down Syndrome is a genetic condition and so far, medical science has no cure for the condition. It is not something that can be prevented. The parents often blame themselves and wonder what did they do wrong," Aarti Anand, clinical psychologist at Delhi's Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, told us.

Anand claimed that more than the child, the family members need counseling and professional help as "they are often unable to accept the fact that their child has Down's syndrome."

Calling it a handicap, Anand said that the acceptance of the family members was very important as only after accepting the disease can family members properly take care of the patient.

Geeta Chhabra, 36, has DS but her parents didn't realise about her condition at the time of her birth. According to doctors, only 25 percent of her brain is functional but when her family put her in a special school, she shone as a student.

"Even the doctors at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) were unable to cure her, but at the (special) school, she was encouraged to participate in dancing and sports. She even won several medals," her mother Harish, told us proudly.

While DS can be detected during pregnancy and parents can decide whether they want to continue or abort, child image consultant, Abha Kashyap claims that most children affected by DS, "can do very well if given proper stimulus and care."

"Early intervention can certainly guarantee a normal life and independence for the person living with DS," she added.

"In fact, DS-affected children are often much more loving than normal children. They are truly God's children," Kashyap told us.

Kashyap said that while celebrating World Down Syndrome Day was a great initiative, "It is yet to pick up in India. I believe such awareness programmes should be organised more often."
source:agency

Source: http://www.indiahealthandwellness.com/2012/03/down-syndrome-patients-need-early.html

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Tuesday, March 20, 2012

Obama raises $45 million in February

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[ [ [['Karzai will get a chance soon to express', 8]], '28630306', '0' ], [ [ [['powerful storms stretching', 8]], '28493546', '0' ], [ [ [['basic norm that death is private', 6]], '28413590', '0' ], [ [['songwriter also saw a surge in sales for her debut album', 6]], '28413590', '1', 'Watch music videos from Whitney Houston ', 'on Yahoo! Music', 'http://music.yahoo.com' ], [ [['keyword', 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999]], 'videoID', '1', 'overwrite-pre-description', 'overwrite-link-string', 'overwrite-link-url' ] ]

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-raises-45-million-february-102034537.html

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GVO Conference Home Business Review | Import CSV Using Easy ...

GVO Conference is the latest offer by experienced mlm leader Joel Therien and his Global Virtual Opportunities group. In this most recent product offering, GVO has taken the platform of their Hot Conference service and given it an extensive retooling. The chief goal for this product launch was to create a tool that could grant the typical network marketer the chance to use the virtual potential of the the web for business building objectives generally completed through offline approaches. The team also set out to promote their webinar product at a cost well below that of their industry rivals.

The final outcome is the GVO Conference product. An average conference room can accomodate up to 50 people at the same time. The room allows video streaming, audio streaming and conference recording. Participants can work together thru audio, video and text chat. Additionally, they will be able to also communicate in private with the private messaging feature. The room moderator has a choice of presentation tools which include a web browser, PowerPoint Viewer, video player, white board and desktop sharing. This combination of features and functionality are designed to give a suitable environment for leading opportunity meetings, team trainings and mastermind sessions.

GVO prides itself on being a global multilevel marketing company that provide home internet business opportunities built around digital products and GVO conference is no exception. End users of the conferencing software are also enrolled as affiliates into the GVO multilevel marketing plan. The back office comes with a complete set of marketing tools that can be used by anybody attempting to benefit from the business opportunity that is being provided by the company. These marketing tools are currently accessible in 5 languages.

As with any Multilevel marketing company, the GVO Conference compensation plan is built on a multi-layered structure. The pay plan has things like fast start bonuses which take place with the first month on all paid direct referrals. With 2 paid personal referrals an affiliate is entitled to compensation 2 levels deep. The affiliate can receive compensation 5 levels deep with 4 paid referrals. Additionally there are matching incentives on the production of the affiliate?s direct referrals and a bonus pool for the top producers in the company each month.

With an attractive price point and a simple product, the GVO Conference product will likely make sense to many online multi-level marketers as both a business building tool and an additional business opportunity. As with any product, the underlying skills of marketing are essential to take full advantage of the product and business opportunity.

GVO Conference offers a great product and opportunity for network marketers. Building a GVO Conference business worldwide is made simple with this virtual opportunity.

Source: http://www.importcsv.eu/uncategorized/gvo-conference-home-business-review

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Monday, March 19, 2012

Donald Trump on Rosie O'Donnell Sucking: I Called It!


Donald Trump is not surprised, or sad, to say the least, about Rosie O'Donnell's recent misfortunes. He says he's known what a failure she is since the get-go.

If you missed it, Oprah cancelled Rosie's show last week - amid reports of chaos on what staffers called "hellish" set - to her former adversary's delight.

Trump went on Twitter this morning and wrote, "Rosie O'Donnell has failed again. Her ratings were abysmal and Oprah cancelled her on Friday night."

"When will media executives learn that Rosie just hasn't got it."

Trumped UpRosie Image

Trump has been bashing Rosie for years, claiming the former co-host on The View was a "pig" and a "loser" after she called him a "snake-oil salesman."

In the case of OWN canning her, Rosie felt the writers, producers, stage managers and directors were all inept ... and that didn't sit well with the brass.

The brass being Oprah, who hired all those people.

Her attitude was the final straw. One word several high level staffers used to describe R.O. is "bully," something the network ultimately had enough of.

Burning question: What's more offensive: Donald Trump Jr.'s hunting photos, or that gargoyle Rosie O'Donnell's mere presence in any situation?

[Photos: WENN.com]

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/03/donald-trump-on-rosie-odonnell-sucking-i-called-that/

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